Abstract: With the rapid development of the economy, tourists have put forward increasingly high requirements for the safety and comfort of taking sightseeing cable cars. Humanized design and scientific manufacturing have become an inevitable trend in the development of cable cars. This article provides a brief explanation of the vibration reduction system for ground cable cars, including the definition of vibration reduction, the role of vibration reduction technology, and the daily inspection and maintenance of the vibration reduction system for ground cable cars.
Keywords: hydraulic system; components and parts; Fault; maintain
1. Introduction to hydraulic system
The hydraulic system may seem simple, but it is an indispensable core force in modern industrial production. Hydraulic technology plays a crucial role in construction equipment, mining machinery, automotive manufacturing, and aerospace engineering. Although cable cars started relatively late, hydraulic technology has always accompanied the development of cable cars. With the progress of the times, the safety requirements for equipment are becoming increasingly high. A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely power unit, actuator, hydraulic control components, auxiliary components, and hydraulic oil. The power unit is the heart of the hydraulic system, mainly used to convert the mechanical energy of the prime mover into the pressure energy of the fluid, such as the oil pump in the hydraulic system, providing power to the entire hydraulic system; The function of the actuator is to convert the pressure energy of the liquid into mechanical energy, driving the load to perform linear reciprocating or rotary motion; The function of hydraulic control components is to precisely control the flow direction, velocity, and pressure of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system; Auxiliary components include oil tank, oil filter, oil pipe and pipe joint, sealing ring, pressure gauge, oil level and temperature gauge, etc., which are necessary conditions to ensure the circulation and stable operation of the hydraulic system; Hydraulic oil is the working medium for transmitting energy in hydraulic systems, such as various mineral oils, emulsions, and synthetic hydraulic oils.
2. Main hydraulic components
3. Hydraulic fault analysis
The main troubleshooting of hydraulic system faults is through diagnosis, which refers to determining the location and cause of hydraulic equipment faults based on observation and instrument testing without disassembling the hydraulic equipment. The malfunction of hydraulic equipment refers to the deviation of various technical indicators of hydraulic equipment from its normal state, such as damage to pipelines and certain components, oil leakage, heat generation, loss of equipment working ability, power reduction, and increased vibration and noise.
3.1 The emergency brake cannot be activated, but the working brake can be opened normally
During the trial operation of the cable car after an early inspection, there was a phenomenon where the emergency brake could not be activated, and the cable car could not start up normally. Technicians conducted inspection and testing according to the operation manual, and found that the working brake could be opened, indicating that the power part function was normal. Then, the emergency brake could be opened by manually pumping the brake for pressure testing. At this point, it indicates that the problem lies with the control component, but that component is faulty and can only be analyzed based on the hydraulic drawing. The inability to open the emergency brake indicates that there is a problem with the valve core switching part. By measuring the voltage of the solenoid valve coil, it is impossible to determine whether the solenoid valve coil is working properly. Technicians manually pressed and tested the solenoid valves separately, and found that one solenoid valve coil was powered but the valve core did not move, causing hydraulic oil to return to the oil tank and preventing the emergency brake from opening.
Disassembling and analyzing the replaced solenoid valve, the cause of this malfunction is that the coil has been used for a long time and the valve core has been mechanically worn. When the coil is energized, the valve core cannot move, resulting in the valve core not moving; In addition, the drive room is located underground, and high humidity causes rust on the surface of the valve core.
3.2 Emergency brake pressure drops, but there is no decrease compared to the working brake
During a routine test of manually opening the "paper method" for the cable car brake, it was found that the pressure gauge value was decreasing after the emergency brake was opened. By comparing the opening pressure of the working brake without any decrease, it indicates that there is no problem with the manual pump oil supply pipeline. The problem lies in the emergency brake branch pipeline and components. The emergency brake was tested and eliminated using a step-by-step exclusion method, and it was ultimately found that the handle of the plate switching valve (electric switching manual) was not loose compared to the working brake plate switching valve. Slowly turning the wrench for testing, it was found that the pressure drop rate was significantly slower, but still decreased. The technicians analyzed the drawings and found that the emergency brake was installed in the electric direction on the components. They found that the one-way valve on the emergency brake pipeline was installed in the electric direction and could not throttle when manually operated, resulting in a decrease in pressure.
There are two reasons for the malfunction caused by the disassembly and analysis of the replaced plate ball valve: 1. Mechanical wear, which makes the handle drive the valve core less sensitive, resulting in improper switching; 2. Impurities in the hydraulic oil block the valve core, causing it to work less sensitively and resulting in jamming.
4. Inspection and maintenance of hydraulic components
After analyzing the above two faults, it was found that both faults occurred in the components. Therefore, as technicians, when using hydraulic equipment, we must analyze the hydraulic drawings and understand their working principles, as hydraulic system faults can occur in various ways. Even for the same fault phenomenon, the cause of the fault is different, and it is the result of the combined influence of many factors. Especially for the hydraulic equipment of cable cars, as it is a special equipment, the requirements for hydraulic equipment will be more stringent, the equipment will be more complex, and the reasons for failures are multifaceted. The hydraulic system is a closed system, and the working status of each component cannot be seen or touched. Therefore, when conducting fault diagnosis, it is necessary to analyze the factors that cause the fault one by one, pay attention to their internal connections, and identify the main contradictions, so as to easily eliminate the fault.
At present, most hydraulic systems still adopt the maintenance and management methods of "repairing when it breaks down" and regular maintenance. Repairing when it breaks down will inevitably affect production, and regular maintenance will cause significant waste. Some large ports are transitioning from regular maintenance to predictive maintenance, which is very beneficial for improving productivity, saving maintenance costs, and allocating spare parts reasonably. To achieve predictive maintenance, it is necessary to use state monitoring technology. Various sensors, relevant instruments and computers are used to form a testing system, which can display and compare relevant parameters to understand the operating status of the system, the technical status of the system and components at any time, identify the fault location, and achieve automatic alarm and automatic shutdown. However, the cost of using this precision diagnosis and state monitoring technology is high, and it is not suitable for general hydraulic systems at present. At present, there are two methods for diagnosing hydraulic system faults in port engineering machinery: sensory judgment method and hydraulic system drawing method.
4.1 Sensory judgment method
Using the touch, vision, hearing, and smell of operators and maintenance personnel to diagnose hydraulic system faults is currently a simple method for obtaining hydraulic fault information on site. Touch is the use of hands to feel whether the casing of hydraulic pumps and other components is hot, and to feel the vibration of the executing components and pipelines during movement. Visually observing whether the values of pressure gauges and oil temperature gauges at each measuring point are normal; Check if the actuator can walk or if it is unable to walk; Check if the oil level in the fuel tank is normal and if there are any leaks. Hearing refers to whether the noise of hydraulic pumps and motors is too loud, whether there is a screaming sound from the relief valve, and whether the impact sound during directional changes is too loud; Listen for any abnormal sound caused by cavitation. Smell mainly distinguishes faults such as oil deterioration and hydraulic pump sintering. This type of method will also yield different diagnostic results due to individual differences in feelings and judgment abilities, and it is only a qualitative analysis. To determine the true cause of the malfunction, it is necessary to remove the relevant components for testing.
4.2 Hydraulic System Drawing Method
The hydraulic system drawing analysis method is used by technical personnel to analyze the hydraulic drawings and identify possible problem points that may occur due to faults. This method is used by cable car technicians.
The internal leakage of each component in the system can be measured using a tester to determine the technical status or malfunction of hydraulic components.
5. Conclusion
Cableway equipment maintenance has a certain level of professionalism, with higher requirements for fault repair. It not only considers the professional skills of maintenance personnel, but also tests their psychological resilience and reaction ability. Therefore, maintenance personnel need to analyze the underlying causes of each equipment failure from multiple perspectives, constantly summarize work experience, and achieve targeted maintenance of equipment, prevention of failures, and improvement of emergency troubleshooting capabilities, effectively ensuring the safe operation of cableway equipment. The technical department organizes technical personnel to carefully analyze the electromechanical equipment, deeply grasp the working principle of each component of the cable car electromechanical equipment, and formulate corresponding emergency measures to face complex types of faults.
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2026-05-29